The Battle of Mudkiwalla, a fictional Sikh Wars battle using General d’Armee

I say fictional in the title but the scenario is a nightmare one for the British, as it is loosely based on Mudki and Chillianwalla, both of which featured annoying jungle. 

The British under Gough are preparing to make camp for the evening when they are surprised by the Sikhs lurking in positions behind the low lying jungly bits so were hard to see in terms of numbers although the Sikh artillery on a commanding rise was visible and had a reasonably effective field of fire.

The Sikh army is under the joint command of Lal Singh and Taj Singh. BOTH have different objectives. Lal Singh’s army is deployed on the table. Tej Singh and his men will arrive at some point. They never  did.

Paul, Dave and Richard played the Sikhs, while John the Red, Shaun, Jim and Neil were the British. Neil also helped run the game at his end of the table while I did the same from my end. Nearly 14 feet is a long way.

I had told the Sikhs that one of them would secretly be harbouring treacherous thoughts and his aim was to loose, but as covertly as possible to avoid being murdered by his troops. (By this I mean that their actions, by omission or commission would be judged by me. Seemed fair……’ish). They were each given a card, thinking that whoever drew the one marked ‘treachery’ would play this role and keep it secret from the others. What they didn’t know was that they ALL had treachery written on them! (Evil laughter).

Both sides were told they could expect reinforcements and to cement this lie I had the figures laid out on the back shelves ready to use when the time came, which it never did of course.

So here we go for another gloriously colourful and what was hopefully enjoyable game. I enjoyed it immensely as these armies are perhaps my favourites, or at least equal favourite with my 1672 collection.

The Lion of the Punjab before the battle. Ok, my cat Tabitha the Destroyer aka Catzilla before being removed from the table and banned from the Burrow for the day.

The British (on the right) survey the field of battle.

The Sikhs had deployed all their cavalry on the left, leaving the right held by regular and irregular infantry and a large battery of 18-per guns.

The battlefield. Note the refused left flank on the British side.

The incredibly annoying jungly bits. There were penalties for moving through it, which were randomly decided each time a unit wished to enter or move through the jungle. These ranged from halting, diverting left or right, finding a clearing and moving a full move and so forth.

Sikh irregulars moved through the village on their extreme right.

Paul advanced his regulars towards the jungle, supported by more irregular battalions.

Entrenched Sikh cannon in their centre. It was really just an excuse to put my big redoubt on the table. Sadly for the Sikhs the artillery ended up being ‘hesitant’ more often than they weren’t, which meant their firing was not as effective as it might have been.

Jim commanded the British left. His lone cavalry brigade spent much of the game dodging fire from Paul’s battery of heavy guns facing them.

On the other flank the British had formed a grand battery of sorts with the objective of discouraging the hoards of Sikh cavalry from advancing.

Sikhs of the Francese  Compo, their best infantry, advancing towards the jungle.

Jim’s much outnumbered command on the British left begins its advance.

Jim’s infantry advancing with a plum, er I mean aplomb. He was trying to get into the comparative safety of the jungle as his battalions were taking fire from the Sikh heavy artillery on the hill.

The British right, facing a growing number of Sikh Gorchara horsemen. The latter were hit heavily by the British artillery. One of the two Gorcharra ‘brigades’ faltered but survived the test.

These zambureks were to prove to be the bane of the British cavalry. Time and time again Richard threw ridiculously high whenever they fired, with deadly results for more than one British cavalry regiment. They were worthy winners of the Man of the Match Award.

Waiting for us dinners!

Shaun advanced through the jungle with two brigades of infantry. Moving through it resulted in the battalions becoming separated and unformed. In one case the 2nd Bengal European Light Infantry found a clearing so had to move at full speed so they lost touch with the rest of the brigade. They were charged by the Sikh regular infantry and Akhalis and had they not been European would have been routed and dispersed. I have a house rule that allows European troops to avoid such a fate once in the game, so they retreated a full move instead, with heavy casualties. As it turned out, it was a touch of out of the frying pan into the fire, as they were hit hard by the Sikh heavy guns as they emerged from the jungle and this time they were dispersed. 

The battle for the jungle in full swing. It proved hard going for the British, who struggled to avoid becoming hesitant due to a poorly timed lack of ADCs, and to maintain a coordinated line. 

Richard was awarded a nice gong in recognition of his heroic zambureks and the performance of his horsemen who stopped any breakthrough by the British cavalry on that flank.

Gorchara and Bengal Irregular Cavalry, supported by Bengal Light Cavalry,  hard at on the Sikh left. 

Redcoats in the jungle…ah yes. I didn’t say that one of the consequences of moving through the jungle was the chance of a ‘blue-on-blue’ accident! It happened a couple of times much to my amusement.

Heroic Bengal Horse Artillery, one five troops in action.

Richard’s heroic zambureks. They halted a charge from HM 3rd Light Dragoons and played merry hell with several other cavalry regiments.

Over on the British left, Jim’s cavalry were edging forward onto the flank of Paul’s advancing Khalsa, ready to charge, which is just what the BengalLight Cavalry did.

The BLC rode down the Sikhs they’d hit in the flank before they could form square, or triangle as was the habit of the Sikhs, certainly at Aliwal. Despite being fired on as thy rode past the Sikh infantry, they hit another Sikh unit, forcing it to retreat, and were poised to ride on towards another.

Jim’s infantry brigade made it into the relative safety of the jungle and advanced on the Sikhs. In a furious exchange of musketry then a spirited bayonet charge the two leading battalions (both Queen’s regiments) destroyed their opponents and caused the enemy to falter.

Destiny was not on the side of this British commander who was hit by a shell and killed. He was the leader of one of the two brigades slugging it out at Shaun’s end of the jungle which was not helpful to say the least!

Paul’s heavy artillery battery on the Sikh right.

The cavalry melee on the Sikh left went on and on as more units were thrown into the scrummage.

The Governor General’s Boddyguard followed by the 4th Bengal Native Cavalry (Lsncers)

The Sikh right showing the large hole punched into their line by the British cavalry and the attack by Jim’s infantry through the jungle.

Yours truly surveying the battlefield.

To all intents and purposes the game was over as the Sikh army had lost half of its brigades faltering or dispersed. 

These photos are out of sequence but have been left in just to help show the course of the game.

Those damned zambureks again! This time they caused the Governor General's Bodyguard to retire.

Some of the British baggage train.

These Sikh irregular infantry managed to hide in the sugar cane field for the entire game.

So, it was a cracker of a game and the amendments to General d’Armee worked really well. I know that more than one of the guys was not a fan of the rules but most were familiar with the mechanics having played many Pickets Charge games at the Durham club over recent weeks. I think the balance is just about right now. The Sikhs can win, but probably won’t, although they will inflect heavy losses on the British which could tip the balance their way given time. I thought the jungle rules also added fun, for me at least, as the British were quite timid when it came to pushing through the jungle. It was open enough for cavalry and artillery to pass through with care and a fair wind but caution probably well deserved, ruled on the day.

I’ve recently had sight of Andy Copestake’s forthcoming Wargaming Guide to the Sikh Wars, which together with my recent trips to India fuelled my enthusiasm to get these chaps on the table. Next time we shall shift up or down in periods but not sure which way yet.

Here are the orders of battle should anyone be interested.

BRITISH ARMY OF THE NOSOSUTLEJ (PART): General Sir Hugh Gough

 

Cavalry Bde: Lt. Colonel Harriett

3^rd Bengal Irregular Cavalry (battle cavalry, veteran)

8^th Bengal Light Cavalry (campaign cavalry, line)

 

Cavalry Bde: Brigadier Gough 

Governor General’s Bodyguard (battle cavalry, line)

5^th Bengal Light Cavalry (campaign cavalry, line)

 

Cavalry Bde: Lt. Colonel White

HM 3^rd Light Dragoons (heavy cavalry, elite)

4^th Bengal Light Cavalry (Lancers), (campaign cavalry, line)

4^th Bengal Irregular Cavalry (battle cavalry, veteran)

Troop BHA (6-pdr horse artillery, elite) 

 

Artillery: Acting Brigadier Brooke

2 batteries BFA (medium) (9-pdr foot artillery, veteran)

1 battery BFA (heavy howitzers) (12-pdr foot artillery, veteran)

1 battery BFA (rockets) (Rockets, veteran)

 

1^st Division: Maj-Gen Sir Harry Smith

 

Brigadier Ryan

HM 50^th Foot (line infantry, veteran)

33^rd & 54^th Bengal Native Infantry (BNI) (line infantry, ‘line’)

 

Brigadier Hicks 

HM 31^st Foot (line infantry, veteran)

31^st & 345^th BNI, (line infantry, ‘line’)

1^st Bengal Local Btn (Goorkhas), (line infantry, veteran)

Troop BHA (6-pdr horse artillery, elite) 

 

2^nd Division: Maj-Gen Walter Gilbert 

 

Brigadier McLaren: 

2^nd Bengal European Light Infantry (line infantry, veteran)

16^th Bengal Grenadiers (line infantry, ‘line’)

2^nd BNI (line infantry, ‘line’)

 

Brigadier Taylor: 

HM 29^th & 80^th Foot, (line infantry, veteran)

26^th BNI, (line infantry, ‘line’)

Troop BHA (horse artillery, elite) 

 

Reinforcements......

3^rd Division (part): Brigadier Wallace

HM 60^th Rifles (light infantry, rifles, veteran)

HM 9^th Foot (line infantry, veteran)

5^th BNI and 12^th BNI (line infantry, ‘line’)

 

Cavalry Brigade: Colonel McDowell

HM 16^th Lancers (heavy cavalry, veteran)

2nd Bengal Irregular Cavalry (battle cavalry, veteran)

9th Bengal Light Cavalry (campaign cavalry, line)

Troop Bengal Horse Artillery (6-pdr horse artillery, elite) 

 KHALSA:

 Commander in Chief: Lal Singh

 

Artillery:  

2 heavy batteries (cannot move once deployed) (12-pdr, elite*)

1 medium battery (9-pdr, elite*)

(*Not for shooting)

 

Cavalry #1:

4 Feudal Gorcharra cavalry (campaign cavalry, line)

1 Zambarek camel guns (recruit, class as 3-pdr)

 

Cavalry #2:

3 Feudal Gorcharra cavalry (campaign cavalry, line)

1 Akhali cavalry (campaign cavalry, veteran)

2 Zambarek camel guns (recruit, class as 3-pdr)

 

Akali:

4 Akali (‘line infantry’, veteran)

 

‘Guard’ Infantry Bde:

4 Fauj-i-khas btn (line infantry, elite)

 

Infantry Bde (Orange):

3 regular btn (line infantry, line)

 

Infantry Bde (‘irregular’ Faus-i-Ain):

6 ‘irregular’ infantry btn (‘line infantry’, recruit)

 

KALSA 'REINFORCEMENTS':

 

Commander: Tej Singh

 

Cavalry Brigade:

2 cuirassiers (campaign cavalry, line)

2 lancers (campaign cavalry, line)

 

Infantry Bde (Red): 

3 regular btn (line infantry, line)

 

Infantry Bde (Black): 

3 regular btn (line infantry, line)

2 medium batteries (9-pdr, elite*)

 

*Not for shooting

 

And here are the rule amendments:

Terrain & Other Stuff

Sugar Cane Field:

Impassable to artillery and cavalry.

Infantry half speed and become unformed.

Visibility negligible.

Ploughed Fields and Poppy Field:

Not an obstacle.

Jungly bits:

The entire area covered in the jungly bits is low, scrubby jungle, not thick but dense enough to slow movement and reduce visibility. Artillery and cavalry move at half speed and become unformed. Infantry move at half speed and remain formed.

Visibility in the jungle is 2” unless there a clearing when it increases to 6”.

Artillery on higher ground can shoot anywhere into the jungle, on the long range row, and target classed as under cover.

However:

As it getting dark all troops moving through the jungle run the risk of straying off course. Throw 2D6 and add them up. Test for each unit every turn.

2	Must halt for the full turn. Totally disoriented.
3,4	Continue but wonder off, 1-3 45 degrees right , 4-6 45 degrees left.
5	Clearing. Full move permitted.
6,7,8,9	OK
10	Clearing. Full move permitted.
11	Friendly fire. Unit spots a body of troops in a clearing and moves to open fire on closest friendly unit in a 180 degree forward arc. Any casualties caused are real.
12	As above but unit takes friendly fire from 1-3 artillery, 4-6 musketry.

Villages:

Would hold one infantry unit should anyone be daft enough to want to garrison them.

General d’Armee - Sikh War Amendments 

ADCs: Sikhs require 4+ to activate an ADC;

Brigade Activation: Sikhs need 4+ otherwise the brigade is hesitant;

No change to initiative test as the Sikhs are already penalised as above.

Sikh Artillery: To reflect the fact that Sikh gunners never ran and always fought their guns to the death if attacked, if a battery is part of an infantry brigade which has to withdraw or disperse, the gunners ignore this and stand by or under  their guns. If a brigade is wholly artillery ignore normal discipline tests and faltering brigade test results. Any result requiring them to retire, retreat or rout (sauve qui peut) is ignored and the gunners stand. In BOTH cases any casualties inflicted as part of the the DT/faltering test are doubled. Essentially the only way to get rid of Sikh guns is to cause enough casualties to force them to disperse/die. None of this applies to Zambureks.

Zambureks can be fired mounted but count as moving and unformed. They are treated as very light guns with a range of 18”;

Deployed zambureks fire as light guns with a range of 18”

European troops part of a brigade failing a Faltering Brigade Test with a sauve qui peut result instead will retreat. European troops also ignore their first sauve qui peut result, retreating instead.

Fear of Sikhs. BNI  and BNC were often quite timid. If charged by Sikhs class them as if they are recruits when working out the charge prior to contact;

Changing Formation. Regular Sikh troops’ manoeuvres were ponderous so all take a full move to carry out, as indeed do irregular units in the unlikely event they wish to change formation.

Akhalis can shoot with their matchlocks (12” range).Treat each base as a skirmish stand, hitting on 5+

Gorchara can also use firearms, even to receive a charge at the halt. If they have to receive a charge at the halt due to a charge test then they may shoot. Treat each base as a skirmish stand, requiring 5+ to hit. They cannot shoot and charge however.

Sikh irregular infantry with matchlocks with a range of 12”. They may not move and fire in the same turn.

Shooting: The difference in the effectiveness of musketry was very apparent as all the Queen’s and HEIC troops were armed with percussion muskets as opposed to flintlocks with which the Sikhs were equipped. To reflect this Sikhs always shoot on the inferior volley table;Troops with percussion muskets/rifles get an extra CD when firing ( which we forgot about).

Sikh irregular infantry, Gorchara and Akhalis may be in a looser formation but are not classed as skirmishers or unformed unless terrain or other outcomes cause it.

Back to India………well for a Sikh Wars game anyway!

It was about time these chaps came out of the box again, so yesterday’s game was a Sikh Wars encounter. It was to be a simple affair as I wanted to see if General d’Armee could be adapted for this conflict. The weaponry was much but not exactly the same as in the Napoleonic Wars, but it was going to be interesting (I hoped) to see if I could successfully replicate the very different troop types and qualities of the soldiers themselves. I will sum these up at the end of this post.

Nigel and John the Red played the British while Richard and I commanded the Sikhs. The scenario was pretty simple. The Sikhs had managed to get their army astride the British lines of communication so General Gough led half his Army of the Sutlej to clear them off, while a (mythical as it turns out) flanking force was set to hit the Sikhs on their right flank. This was simply to get the Sikhs to act a little more passively than they might otherwise have done (I didn’t tell Richard Singh it was a ruse, and he was expecting more Sikhs to arrive).

In time honoured manner there follows some photos of the game, which in time honoured manner Blogger has managed to randomly reorder out of sequence.

The battlefield from the ‘garden end’. With the exception of the nullah in the distance and the village with its poppy field the terrain was relatively open, dotted with some low lying jungly bits and rough ground, which had no effect on the game.

The British right flank, two brigades of cavalry and supporting Bengal Horse Artillery.

Facing them the Sikh left looked menacing and colourful. But would the Gorchara feudal cavalry and zamburek camel gunners be able to hold their own? 

Guns! Guns! Guns! The Sikhs were very well supplied with artillery, too well said the British, but they would say that. Above are three large batteries of medium field guns.

More Guns. This time three heavy batteries in position behind the nullah.

Our right flank was held by four battalions of feudal Sikh infantry. 

Facing them across the nullah was a brigade of Indian cavalry.

Time for an early drink. A broken down commissariat wagon ‘guarded’ by British infantry. One of them has already passed out with liberated arak and another inebriated comrade is falling off the wagon.

Turn 1 and my cavalry were hesitant and didn’t move.

The zambureks were also hesitant and rooted to the spot.

Nigel launched his Bengal Light Cavalry at my stationary horsemen and camel guns, with predictable results.

This regiment of Bengal Irregular Cavalry smashed into the hesitant zambureks and broke them.

My favourite uniforms, the Bengal Horse Artillery in action.

The Governor General’s Bodyguard.

Sikh artillery holding the centre. They kept becoming hesitant so couldn’t fire at long range, which kind of made them impotent?

Richard was having similar issues with controlling his troops but one brigade advanced up the nullah.

I pushed my Akalis forward to slow down the advancing British, but the fire from the 60th Rifles and then follies from the infantry in line behind them saw them off.

HM 3rd Light Dragoons. 

While all this was going on around them the villages enjoyed another day watching snake charmers, rope trick climbers and other delights.

BHA galloping off somewhere.

Bengal Foot Artillery manning a battery of heavy guns.

The British right flank was making great headway against the crumbling Gorchara cavalry under my command.

Bengal Foot Artillery trading shots with the Sikh guns.

Sikh feudal irregulars holding the line of the Nullah.

John managed to get a brigade of cavalry over the nullah after the defending Sikh feudal infantry were driven off.

British advancing on their left. They had suffered terribly from the Sikh heavy guns but were able to sidestep out of trouble and continue their advance.

Nigel’s cavalry had driven off all my cavalry then hit the flank of the retreating Akali, all of whom were ridden down. They were then poised to roll up the Sikh artillery.

General advance on the British right.

With the Sikh left driven off and the right starting to crumble we called it a day, and announced a victory for the British. Their plan to defeat our left flank worked a treat, and I was not helped by my troops becoming hesitant far too often. Our artillery certainly pounded John’s advancing infantry, causing significant losses, but it wasn’t enough.

The rules worked ok. It has been a while since we last used them and we were VERY rusty, but they certainly have the potential for the Sikh Wars, and no doubt the Crimea as well.

In terms of troop classifications, the Queen’s troops and European units in the HEIC army were all graded as veteran, while the Sepoys, with the exception of the Gurkhas, were bog standard line. The BHA were elite.

The Sikh artillerymen were graded as elite. The infantry were everything from elite, to line and militia. The Gorchara were classed the same as Cossacks in the rules. Probably a bit mean to do that but….?

One change I did make was that the Sikhs had to score a 4+ to gain an ADC (rather than 3+) and their brigades had to also score 4+ to activate (again, instead of 3+). This idea worked very well and seriously hampered our plans, ensuring a fairly static game for the bulk of the Sikh infantry. What ADCs we got were usually expended on the artillery, but with the amended activation score, they became hesitant quite often. I need to rethink a few things, such as trying to reflect the Sikh artillery more effectively, and maybe restrict all or most Sikh musketry to the inferior line. 

Anyway, everyone said they enjoyed what was a most colourful game. The pizzas for lunch were annihilated in very short order too.

A Wargamer’s Guide to War of the First Coalition, 1792-1797

This arrived with a massive thump as it hit the doormat on Friday, and what a whopper it is; ‘A Wargamer’s Guide to the War of The First Coalition, 1792-1797’, by Garry Mills. This period is, as I am sure folks know, a subject very close to my heart and I was all a-flutter when I read through it last week.

What does the reader get for his money? In a words, LOTS! After the introduction there is a brief history of the French Revolution followed by a very comprehensive year-by-year and by theatre of war, outline of the war which takes up a third of the entire book. There is a useful chapter covering each nation involved in the war, big players and small, including France, Great Britain, Piedmont, Austria, Prussia, Spain, the United Provinces, Naples and Emigre and other Royalist forces. These sections include a description of each nation’s armed forces, organisational details and more. 

There is even a piece on naval forces employed in the war.

Given that this is a wargaming guide, it is no surprise that  the following chapters cover ‘Wargaming the Period’ and ‘Building the Forces’.  These are thoughtfully presented and will be a big help to anyone new to the period. Also in this section is a how to painting guide.

The next chapter includes 10 ready-made scenarios, including three dedicated to naval battles. The land-based scenarios are full of detail, representing a variety of protagonists and size of engagement, and come with maps, orders of battle, troop qualities and so forth, starting with Lincelles and ending with Castiglione.

The book concludes with sections signposting readers to suppliers of miniatures and terrain and online resources available, together with an extensive bibliography.

As well as the maps there are a number of contemporary illustrations both in colour and black and white, and photographs of troops in action on the tabletop. I am pleased to say that all the photos of 28mm games included in the book are of my own ever-growing collection of miniatures.

From my point of view there is nothing not to like about this book and within the parameters put down by the author he has achieved an impressive feat, and this is not only the best in the Helion Wargames series but also a very good one-stop-shop for gamers, whether already deeply involved in the period or considering it as a new project. I can absolutely recommend this excellent piece of work, especially if it draws more people into wargaming the French Revolution. 

ISBN 978-1-805412-03-6  soft back, A4, 301 pages.

Russo-Swedish War 1808-1809

Today I managed to complete the bases on my next couple of Swedish Napoleonic units, painted for me by mate Barry.

Jäger and behind them two battalions of the Helsinge Regiment.

Finnish Varmland Jäger (Perry Miniatures)

Helsinge Regiment (Eagle Figures)

That’s the Swedish army done apart from some commanders, a couple of limbers and an amusette 1-pdr. Of course I do have a couple more battalions in the smorgesbord box which are unlikely to ever get done. We shall see.

A Little Bit of Artillery Support, Russian Style.

I took advantage of the sunshine to finish these off; a full battery each of foot and horse artillery, each with 12 cannon and unicorns, hence them having six model guns each. A formidable challenge for any Frenchmen foolish enough to get in the way. Thankfully for the Swedes in their war, there were fewer guns deployed by the Russians (on their special military operation to release the Finns from their despotic Swedish overlords!) due I suspect to the terrain not being especially favourable.

In front is a light horse battery equipped with 6-pdrs and light unicorns. Behind them a heavy foot battery with 12-pdrs and heavy unicorns. Unicorns are as many will know a uniquely Russian howitzery thing. I suppose I ought to do some limbers, perhaps one per half battery otherwise it’ll run a tad pricey.

The gunners are all Casting Room Miniatures while the cannon are mixture of Foundry and Bicorne. I will be working on some generals next, and a regiment of dragoons I think, before returning to my remaining infantry in the shape of six more battalions.

Russian Steamroller Arrives!

All of a sudden my Napoleonic Russians have increased in numbers almost three fold, and there are nine battalions now complete.

A Jäger regiment of two battalions flanked by two musketeer battalions and some spare Grenadiers waiting for their parent unit.

Jäger. I need to swap out the standard bearer figures as it seems they did not carry flags. Grrrrr!

These are the figures painted by Marching in Colour while I was away. I based them this morning on the patio steppes (do you see what I’ve done there?). They put my humble efforts to shame but they will mix in fine.

I think now is the time to do some commanders and a regiment of dragoons, once the remaining two half batteries of artillery are finished, which could be tomorrow.

No more displacement activity. Early Napoleonic Russians

I finally managed to complete these chaps today, three battalions of the Bielosurk Musketeer Regiment, 96 figures in total. I have to admit to being a little confused at one point (ok, I still am….) regarding regimental organisation and collar/shoulder strap colours due to the bewildering array of conflicting information on the subject. Ultimately I have used the colours described in Laurence Spring’s excellent book on Russian Napoleonic infantry uniforms. It is really good. 

I have the two Ospreys on the subject but they’re very old and I’m assuming research outcomes have moved on from  40 or more years ago. I have decided to organise my regiments in three battalions of 32, including eight grenadiers.

If you recall, the vast majority of my Russian miniatures are from Casting Room Miniatures, purchased over the course of three of their Christmas ‘25 percent off’ sales. I have always liked them for their simplicity and the fact they are wearing greatcoats, which the Russian poor bloody infantrymen were required to do for seven months of the year if I remember correctly. These figures were the guinea pigs for my first mass use of the much-vaunted ‘speed paints, v2’. I didn’t find them especially speedy but they got the job done. Not as good as I would have liked and I can do better, (actually I am cross with myself as they’re sub standard even for me!) but I can’t face repainting them! (Might put a spot of highlight on their collective noses). These guys were started when I was away in India last month so they’ve earned quite a few air miles before they even get a chance to hit the battlefield. 

The flags are as always by Maverick Models.